Two Handsome Guys
I bet I know who the Boston Golfer, Scott DeSano, is voting for.
The 1978 tax law lowered the maximum capital gains tax rate to 25 percent---a change which did much to invigorate financial markets in the 1980s. But invigorating them even more, at least in the long run, was another provision of the law which attracted little attention, Section 401(k). At the time most workers relied for retirement income on Social Security, personal savings, and defined benefit pensions from their employers---pensions which tied them to one employer for at least 10 years and which obliged the employers to set aside huge funds for future paments, funds which were usually invested conservatively. In the years after passage of 401(k), many employers, to the surpise of experts, started switching from defined benefit plans to 401(k)s and other defined contribution pension plans, in which employers made one-time contributions to investment accounts contolled by individual employees. Internal Revenue Service regulations in the 1980s encouraged many employers to switch to defined contribution plans, and they were accepted by employees. These plans seemed more attractive aftr the highly visible failure of a few large defined benefit plans, including the LTV steel pension fund and the United Mine Workers' hospital fund. By 19898, the number of people covered by defined contribution plans had risen to 50 million, from 19 million in 1980, the number of people covered by defined benefits pensions had fallen to 23 million, from 30 million in 1980.
The result was the infusion of vast sums into the financial markets in a way that helped change them in a force Hardening the private-sector economy. Individuals were now accountable for their own retirement funds, and in investing 401(k) money they could be less conservative and more venturesome than trustees of corporate pension funds. They could put their money into mutual funds whose managers' careers depended on achieving good rates of return. The growth of 401(k)s nurtured in increasing numbers an investor frame of mind, which appears to have motivated many more people to invest in the financial markets. Political pollsters noted that in 1992 only about 20 percent of voters were investors, while in 2002 about 60 percent were.
Zschau can do it if anybody can. After all, he's already built one successful company, System Industries Inc., which he founded in 1968 and grew to $60 million. Along the way, he emerged as a star of the American Electronics Association, leading the fight to reduce the capital-gains tax in 1978. That role helped propel him to a congressional seat in 1982. Four years later, he won the Republican nomination for the Senate in a tough primary and came within 104,000 votes of defeating Cranston.
MR. KERRY: //I realize that there would be certain political assassinations, and that might take place. And I think when you balance that against the fact that the United States has now accounted for some 18,600 people through its own Phoenix program, which is a program of assassination, and when you balance that off against the morality of the kind of bombing we've been doing in Laos and the kind of destruction wholesale of the country of Vietnam, which amounts to some 155,000 civilians a year killed, then I think to talk about four or five thousand people is lunacy in terms of the overall argument and what we're seeking in Southeast Asia.
Debbie Phelps had no problem agreeing to the intense training regimen that Bowman proposed when her son was 11. She is personally conservative, someone who says she believes that a child with free time will tend to find bad things to fill it with. Even now, whenever it is suggested to her that Michael may have ''missed'' something, she reacts incredulously. ''Like what?'' she said to me at one point. ''Like he missed some of the things that teenagers get into in this country? I don't feel bad about that. There was always a balance. He went to basketball games. He went to football games. He had friends. He was a normal kid. But he always came home early and got his sleep and went to practice the next day.''